Bring 15 Syllabus, Class List

1. Self introduction
2. Student names - Degree - Year - Major
3. Handout the syllabus
    2.1 Talk about the objectives
    2.2 Text book, TA, Final, ....
    2.3 Policy (code of conduct, incomplete grade, drop ...)
    2.4 Grading
    2.5 Syllabus
    2.6 Emphasis: questions can be asked at anytime
                  email preferred over phone
    2.7 Who are disable students?
4. Class begin

Introduction to AI

1. Ask students what do they know about AI?
   (What is AI in their view?)
2. Why do you want to study AI?

Study of AI?

1. What do we study?
      What is AI?
2. Why is AI interesting?
     - study of intelligence is one of the oldest


---------------

AI -
    understand and build intelligent entities
    (how it work? how can it be built?)

Human-level AI: Build machines/computer systems that behave/act
like human (John McCarthy)

What a five years old kid can do?
    - if he/she falls, it will get up
that is not easy for a robot to do?
    - NASA Mars-Explorer falls into a hole and cannot
    get out

Why it is interesting?
    - it is strongly believed that this is a possible quest
    - it is a new field with a lot of opportunities
    - it is an old field with 2000 years of theoretical
    research (philosophers)
      POSSIBLE ONLY WITH COMPUTERS
    - it is diversified

1. What is AI?
    Answer: There are too many answers (see the book)
    * acting humanly        - Turing Test approach
    - thinking humanly      - Cognitive model approach
    - think rationally      - Laws of thought approach
    * acting rationally     - Rational agent approach

2. Turing Test
    The setting:

                        |
       computer    <----|----> interrogator
                        |
                    teletype

    Pass if the interrogator cannot tell if it were a human or
    a machine is at the other end

    A number of sub-fields
        - Natural Language Processing
        * Knowledge Representation
        * automated reasoning
        - machine learning

3. Total Turing test
    includes video signal for the interrogator to test the perceptual
    ability of the subject at the other end
        - machine vision
        - robotics

4. Foundations of AI

    - Philosophy
    - Mathematics
    - Psychology
    - Computer engineering
    - Linguistic

5. A little history of AI

    - the first work on AI (Warren McCulloch & Walter Pitts, 1943) - neural network
    - 1950 (Claude Shannon) and 1953 (Turing) - chess program for computer (von Neuman
    style)
    - 1951 first neural network computer (Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds)
      called SNARC with 3000 vacuum tubes & a surplus automatic pilot mechanism
      from a B-2 bomber to simulate a network of 40 neurons
    - 1956 McCarthy organized the Dartmouth workshop (Study of intelligence) -
        the birth of AI
        Allen Newell and Herbert Simon (CMU) - reasoning program (the Logic Theorist)
        that can prove logic theorems
    - 1952 - 1969: many programs
        + General Problem Solver (thinking humanly approach - imitate human thinking)
          Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
        + Geometry Theorem Prover
          Herbert Geernter (Nathaniel Rochester) --> search
        + Checker
           (from 1952) Arthur Samuel
        + LISP
          (John McCarthy, 1958)
        + Advice Taker (hypothetical system viewed as the first complete AI system) (*)
          (John McCarthy, 1958)
        + Resolution method for first order logic   (**)
          (J. A. Robinson, 1963)
        + planning system                           (**)
          (Cordell Green, 1969)
        + Minsky supervised many students try to solve problems that seem to require
          intelligence: intergration (first-year college calculus), geometric analogy
          to those appear in IG test, vision, query-answering in natural language,
          etc.
    - 1966 -1974  Down to earth!
        + no knowledge about the subject is represented
        + intracability
        + unreasonable assumptions
    - 1969 - 1979 Expert systems
        + MYCIN
    - 1980 - 1988 Industry
        + First commercial AI system (Configuring orders for new systems)
        + Japanese Fifth Generation project
        + MCC project (CYC)
    - 1986 - present
        + neural network returns
        + excitement about expert systems decreases
    - 1987 - present
        + progress in speech recognition
        + stress on theoretical foundations and implementations